Galen's homework

1. Abstract

Environmental has become one of the main problems of urbanization, in the path of sustainable development has become the risk. However, people all over the world are thinking the policy to solve this problem. In UK, transport policy becomes the main policy, they allow the privatization of some public facilities, reset the new prices and new methods of rational use the land and same time. So as to effectively control the traffic generated as a result of the pollution of the environment.


2. Introduction

In order to provide a favorable environment to our later generations, economic development could not ignore the social and environmental factors. Defined by the ‘WORLD COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT’ as: ‘development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’. (Gilpin, A. 1996)
Therefore, sustainable development will have been a concern topic, which, urbanization has become particularly important.
Urbanization is the process of city growth; the term usually means that the increase in urban population, resulting in domestic economic growth and immigration, as well as the expansion of the urban space.
(Thomas, R. D. & Melvin, G. M. 1972)
In the issue of urbanization, there were a lot of problems, as follows:
*High unemployment rate
*Poverty
*Poor quality and overcrowded housing
*Failing transport, water supply and sewage systems
* Education
* Population increasing
*Eenvironment pollution and health (Bilham-Boult, A., 1999)

In the above-mentioned issues, we can see that the issue of population and housing is associated. For example, in China, population about 1.4 billion, and in this social, every people want got a large house, however, it is impossible to realize in China. So, that is why overcrowded housing will become the problem of urbanization. On the other hand, we also see the issue of the environment. In this article, it will be descript and focused on the impact of the environment in urbanization, and show some problems about pollution of urbanization issues. Then make the corresponding solution be met by a policy of sustainable development. Use the good way like transport policy in UK to analysis and evaluation that issue.



3. Summary

Transport is a very important source of most of the pollutants. For example, in the UK more than one million people have been road noise more than 70 A-weighted decibels (dB (A)), and around 15 meters to more than 60 (dB(A)) (Mauch and Rothengatter, 1995). ‘Transportation accounted for 55 percent of nitrogen oxides, 72 percent of carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds 41%, and 26 percent of the particulate,’ (Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR), 1998 l); it is the dominant mode of road transport is responsible for virtually all emissions.

The impact of these external conditions vary, from a purely local, in the take from the land, destruction of property, noise and air pollution from local, regional, such as acid rain and its impact on wildlife, forests, and buildings, as well as the world's greenhouse gases, such as emissions. It is true that the use of catalytic converters is now to reduce all of the new European Union resulting from the new best way to air pollution. (Chris, N. 2000). However, ‘the situation regarding greenhouse gases continues to worsen. In 1996, transport accounted for 26 per cent of carbon-dioxide emissions, and these emissions were projected to increase by at least a third by 2020.’ (DETR, 1998l). Therefore it is clear that the transport sector is the manufacturer of an impact on the environment is cause for concern.


Bibliography

Bilham-Boult, A., Blades, H., Hancock, J., Keeling, W. &Ridout, M. (1999). People, places and themes. Oxford: Heinemann.
Chris, N. (2000). Transport and the Environment. Environmental Policy. (pp. 241,242,245,258). UK.
Gilpin, Alan. (1996) Sustainable development. Dictionary of environment and sustainable development (pp. 206). British
Thomas, R. D. & Melvin, G. M. (1972). Definitions. Urbanization and Environment (pp. 6). USA.
DETR, (1998l), Transport Statistics Great Britain, 1998 edition, London, Department of the Environment, Transport and Regions.