Ruhi-Abstract+Introduction of the Essay

1- ABSTRACT

The unprecedented increase in average temperature of the Earth has initiated problems ranging from radical whether shifts to declining agriculture yields. The paramount problems that will be faced in the sooner time period has necessitated the wide spread usage of energy sources that are replenished. Accordingly, the present study will focus on forms of renewable energy sources, causes of global warming and will call the attentions of the readers towards mechanisms of cost reduction for renewable sources. The study will be finalized with general remarks on the matter and will broadcast the perspective of the author himself.
Keywords: Sustainable energy sources, global warming, climate changes, temperature, green house impact.

2- INTRODUCTION

2.1. 1

Renewable energy is a replenished energy sourced from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat. Wind power, hydropower, solar energy, bio-fuel and geothermal energy are the major forms of renewable energy (Santer, Boyle and Parker, 1996).
2.2. Global Warming

Global warming is the unfortunate consequence of the increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s near surface air and oceans since the mid of 20th century.
2.3. Global Warming Facts

Abrupt regional changes in whether conditions are among the most noticeable repercussions of global warming. Severe droughts that have lasted many years have changed many civilizations and have altered the concept of stable climate. The resulting picture of unstable ocean-atmosphere has initiated debates concerning the human involvement through greenhouse gases and aerosols (Santer, Wigley, Barnett and Anyamba, 1996).
Global surface temperature increased 0.74 ± 0.18 °C (1.33 ± 0.32 °F) between the start and the end of the 20th century which is expected to rise 1.1 to 6.4 °C (2.0 to 11.5 °F) during the 21st century. The most dramatic result is that global warming will continue beyond 2100 even if emissions stop due to the heating capacity of the ocean and the long life time of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (Schellnhuber, 2004).
The changes in sea levels, expansion of tropical deserts, unexpected shifts in extreme whether conditions, extinction of some species and decline in agriculture area productivity are the priority issues of global warming. Water scarcity in some regions, changes in mountain snow pack, and adverse health effects from whether changes are the expected results. Social and economic impacts of global warming will be strengthened as population grows at unprecedented levels in affected regions (Lacis, Wuebbles and Logan, 1990).
Economic affects of global warming will be realized at industrial level: agriculture, livestock, forestry and fisheries industries will face shifting structures. Other sectors vulnerable to climate change are energy, construction, insurance, tourism, and recreation industries. Market sector impact in terms of demand will equal to plus or minus few percent of the world GDP however the aggregate impact of climate change on most of these sectors is uncertain due to sensitivity problematic of the prediction methods (Keeling, 1998).
2.4. Problem Statement

Normal energy sources have limited usages and pose problems of extinction. In addition to this issue, normal energy resources are not environmental friendly; the side effects of such usages exacerbate the impact of emissions hence the global warming.

2.5. Purpose of the Study

The present study pinpoints the results of temperature rising, deforestation, extinction of some species, and abrupt whether conditions. The balance of the nature is distorted and the negative impediments of global warming will be lessened via using renewable resources. Hence, this study aims at analyzing the usage of naturally renewable resources with the focus capitalized on possible costs as well as on advantages that will be obtained.